Violations
Traveling
when a player holding the ball moves one or both their feet illegally. Traveling is also called, predominantly in a streetball game, “walking” or “steps”.
Illegal dribble (double dribble)
When a player ends their dribble by catching or causing the ball to come to rest in one or both hands and then dribbles it again with one hand or when a player touches it before the ball hits the ground.
3 seconds violation
An offensive player can not stay in the paint for longer than 3 seconds. In the NBA, there are also defensive 3 seconds which indicate that a defender can not stay longer than 3 seconds in his own paint unless his personal defender is on the edge of the paint or in it.
5 seconds violation
May be called against an offensive player with the ball when that player is guarded closely for five seconds or more, and does not pass, shoot, or dribble within that time.
8 seconds violation
When the attacking team can not move the ball pass the half line in less than 8 seconds.
24 seconds violation
An attacking team has 24 seconds to attempt a field goal (the rim needs to be touched) otherwise the violation occurs and possession is changed.
Foot violation
Players can not touch the ball with their feet.
Out of bounds
When the ball goes outside of the allowed area.
Goaltending
It consists of certain forms of player interference with the ball while it is on its way to the basket. For example, the defenders can not touch the ball when it has passed its highest point during the shooting motion or touch the ball while it is going through the net.
Interference
Similar to the goaltending but it applies for offensive players when the ball is shot by their teammates. It happens when a player tries to tip in (putback) the ball in the basket after a field goal but he does it not according to the rules.
Jump ball violation
After two players from different teams grab the ball simultaneously and in the matter of a few seconds neither of both players wins the possession, a jump ball is called. In the US, the jump ball is when two opposing players attempt to gain control of the ball after an official tosses it into the air between them. If any of those two players jumps illegally while the jump ball is performed, this is a violation.
Backcourt violation
The attacking team can not return the ball back after the half line when the ball has already passed the half line.
Other violations
Our analysts use “Other violations” for any different violations from the above listed.
Coach’s challenge
When the team does not agree with a referee’s call, they can challenge that call via a “coach’s challenge”. Each team has a limit for challenges. If the call is overturned after a challenge has been reviewed by the referee, then the challenge is successful.
Coach’s challenge successful
This ratio shows how many of the total fouls could have been overturned by a coach’s challenge. The formula is No-calls/Total fouls*100